FBISE, NCP & NBF-aligned resources for Classes 9–12
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Math Chapter 7 : Topic 3
Gradient
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The gradient of a line represents:
Reasoning: Gradient measures how much $y$ changes per unit change in $x$.
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Find the gradient between points $(2,3)$ and $(6,7)$.
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{7 - 3}{6 - 2}=\frac{4}{4}=1$
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If two points have same $y$-coordinate, the gradient is:
Reasoning: No vertical change$⟹ slope=0$
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If two points have same $x$-coordinate, the gradient is:
Reasoning: Division by zero makes slope undefined.
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Find slope of line joining $(1,2)$ and $(3,6)$.
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{6 - 2}{3 - 1}=\frac{4}{2}=2$
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The slope of a horizontal line is:
Reasoning: No change in $y ⟹$slope $=0$
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The slope of a vertical line is:
Reasoning: Denominator becomes zero.
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Find gradient of $(- 2, - 3)$ and $(2, 1)$.
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{1 + 3}{2 + 2}=\frac{4}{4}=1$
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If slope is positive, the line:
Reasoning: Positive slope means increasing $y$ as $x$ increases.
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If slope is negative, the line:
Reasoning: Negative slope means $y$ decreases as $x$ increases.
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Find slope between $(0,0)$ and $(4,8)$.
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{8}{4}=2$
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Which condition makes slope undefined?
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Slope of $(1,1)$ and $(4,1)$ is:
Reasoning: Same $y$-values$⟹$slope $=0$
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Slope of $(2,3)$ and $(2,7)$ is:
Reasoning: Same $x$-values$⟹$undefined slope
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If slope $=3$, it means:
Reasoning: Slope $=rise / run=3$
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Find slope of $(- 1,2)$ and $(3,- 2)$.
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{- 2 - 2}{3 + 1}=-\frac{4}{4}=- 1$
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If slope is zero, the line is:
Reasoning: No vertical change.
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Slope depends on:
Reasoning: It uses differences in $x$ and $y$.
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Find slope between $(5,3)$ and $(2,9)$.
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{9 - 3}{2 - 5}=\frac{6}{- 3}=- 2$
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Slope of line joining identical points is:
Reasoning: No change in both $x$ and $y ⟹$indeterminate form
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Which slope indicates a steep line?
Reasoning: Larger slope$⟹$steeper line
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Slope of $(a,b)$ and $(c,d)$ is:
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=$ Equivalent expressions.
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If slope is negative, points satisfy:
Reasoning: Decrease in $y$ with increase in $x$ gives negative slope.
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Slope between $(0,5)$ and $(5,0)$ is:
Reasoning: $m=$ $\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}=\frac{0 - 5}{5 - 0}=- 1$
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If slope is undefined, line is parallel to:
Reasoning: Vertical line is parallel to $y$-axis.
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