FBISE, NCP & NBF-aligned resources for Classes 9–12
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Computer Chapter 1 : Topic 1.3
Core Components of a Computer System
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A student types a report using a keyboard, and the computer receives the entered characters for processing. Which category does the keyboard belong to?
Reasoning: A keyboard sends data and instructions to the computer, making it an input device.
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When a computer displays examination results on a screen after processing student records, the monitor is functioning as which type of component?
Reasoning: A monitor presents processed information to the user, so it is an output device.
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A user speaks into a microphone to record audio, which is then stored and edited on a computer. What is the role of the microphone?
Reasoning: A microphone captures sound and sends it to the computer for processing.
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Which component inside the system unit acts as the main circuit board connecting the CPU, memory, and other hardware devices?
Reasoning: The motherboard provides connections and communication pathways among computer components.
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A computer cannot perform calculations or execute instructions because its central processing component has failed. Which component is most likely damaged?
Reasoning: The CPU executes instructions and performs calculations.
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Which component is often called the "brain of the computer" because it controls operations and processes instructions?
Reasoning: The CPU manages and executes program instructions.
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While working on a document, temporary data is stored in memory for quick access by the processor. Which memory component performs this function?
Reasoning: RAM temporarily stores data and programs currently in use.
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A student saves a project on the computer and can still access it after shutting down and restarting the system. Which device stores this data permanently?
Reasoning: Hard disks provide non-volatile storage, retaining data without power.
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What is the primary function of the Power Supply Unit (PSU) within the system unit of a computer?
Reasoning: The PSU supplies appropriate electrical power to internal components.
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A device converts digital information into printed text and graphics on paper. Which category best describes this device?
Reasoning: Printers provide output in hard-copy form.
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Which component would most directly improve the speed of accessing currently running programs and active data?
Reasoning: RAM allows fast access to active programs and data.
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A scanner captures a printed photograph and transfers it into a computer for editing. How should the scanner be classified?
Reasoning: A scanner enters information into the computer.
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Which statement best explains why the motherboard is considered one of the most important components of the system unit?
Reasoning: The motherboard enables communication among computer parts.
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A USB flash drive is commonly used to transfer files between computers because it functions as:
Reasoning: Flash drives provide portable, non-volatile data storage.
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A user clicks a mouse to select an icon and open an application. In this situation, the mouse acts as:
Reasoning: The mouse sends commands and coordinates to the computer.
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Which component is responsible for performing arithmetic calculations and logical operations required by software programs?
Reasoning: Arithmetic and logical processing are core CPU functions.
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A computer loses all unsaved work immediately after a power failure because the stored information was located in:
Reasoning: RAM is volatile memory and loses data when power is removed.
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Which device is most appropriate for producing audio output such as music, alerts, and recorded speech?
Reasoning: Speakers convert digital signals into audible sound.
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A computer receives data through one device and displays results through another device. Which pair correctly represents these two categories?
Reasoning: Input devices enter data, while output devices present results.
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Which of the following devices belongs to the category of secondary storage rather than primary memory?
Reasoning: Secondary storage retains data permanently and independently of power.
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A student wants to digitize handwritten notes so that they can be edited on a computer. Which device is most suitable?
Reasoning: A scanner converts physical documents into digital form.
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A computer system requires a component that temporarily holds instructions currently being executed by the processor. Which component performs this role?
Reasoning: RAM temporarily stores active programs and data.
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