Chemistry 9th Chap 5 : Topic 2 - Maryam Publications

Chemistry Chapter 5 : Topic 2

Cations and Anions

1 / 15

When a sodium atom reacts with chlorine, it loses one electron and forms a positively charged ion. Which statement best explains why sodium forms a cation instead of gaining electrons?

A) Sodium atoms cannot gain electrons because their nuclei repel additional electrons.

B) Sodium has a higher electronegativity than chlorine.

C) Losing one electron allows sodium to achieve the stable noble gas configuration of neon.

D) Sodium atoms already have a complete outermost shell.

2 / 15

An atom with the electronic configuration 2, 8, 7 is more likely to form which type of ion and why?

A) Anion, because gaining one electron completes its valence shell

B) Cation, because it has nearly filled outer shell

C) Cation, because losing seven electrons requires less energy

D) Anion, because it already has excess electrons

3 / 15

Which of the following statements correctly compares the formation of cations and anions?

A) Both cations and anions are formed by losing electrons.

B) Cations are formed by losing electrons, whereas anions are formed by gaining electrons.

C) Both cations and anions are formed by gaining electrons.

D) Cations are formed by gaining electrons, whereas anions are formed by losing electrons.

4 / 15

Magnesium forms a Mg²⁺ ion during chemical reactions. Which explanation best justifies this process?

A) Magnesium loses one proton from its nucleus.

B) Magnesium loses two electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.

C) Magnesium shares two electrons equally with other atoms.

D) Magnesium gains two electrons to stabilize its nucleus.

5 / 15

A chlorine atom forms a Cl⁻ ion during reactions. Which statement correctly explains the change occurring in the atom?

A) It gains one electron and completes its octet.

B) It loses one proton and forms an unstable ion.

C) It shares electrons equally with sodium.

D) It loses one electron and decreases its atomic size.

6 / 15

Why are metals more likely to form cations, whereas non-metals tend to form anions?

A) Metals easily lose electrons due to their low ionization energy.

B) Metals have completely filled valence shells.

C) Metals have higher electron affinity than non-metals.

D) Non-metals cannot attract electrons from other atoms.

7 / 15

Which of the following changes occurs when an atom forms a cation?

A) Number of electrons increases

B) Atomic radius increases

C) Number of electrons decreases

D) Number of neutrons decreases

8 / 15

Which statement correctly compares the size of ions formed during the formation of cations and anions?

A) Cations are larger than their parent atoms, while anions are smaller.

B) Both cations and anions are smaller than their parent atoms.

C) Cations are smaller than their parent atoms, while anions are larger.

D) Both cations and anions remain the same size as their parent atoms.

9 / 15

An atom forms an ion with X ⁻² charge. Which process most likely occurred?

A) It lost two protons.

B) It lost two electrons.

C) It gained two neutrons.

D) It gained two electrons.

10 / 15

Which of the following species is an anion?

A) Al³⁺

B) Cl⁻

C) Mg²⁺

D) Na⁺

11 / 15

Which factor mainly determines whether an atom forms a cation or anion during chemical reactions?

A) Number of protons in the nucleus

B) Total mass of the atom

C) Number of neutrons in the nucleus

D) Number of electrons in the valence shell

12 / 15

Why do atoms tend to form cations or anions during chemical reactions?

A) To achieve greater nuclear stability

B) To increase their atomic mass

C) To reduce the number of protons in the nucleus

D) To obtain a stable noble gas electronic configuration

13 / 15

An atom with electronic configuration 2, 8, 2 will most likely form which ion?

A) X³⁻

B) X⁺

C) X⁻

D) X²⁺

14 / 15

Which statement best describes the difference in electron movement during the formation of cations and anions?

A) Both involve transfer of protons between atoms.

B) Cations involve electron loss, while anions involve electron gain.

C) Cations are formed by electron gain, while anions are formed by electron loss.

D) Both cations and anions involve sharing of electrons.

15 / 15

Which pair correctly represents a cation and anion respectively?

A) Cl⁻, Na⁺

B) Na⁺, Cl⁻

C) F⁻, K⁺

D) O²⁻, Mg²⁺

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