FBISE, NCP & NBF-aligned resources for Classes 9–12
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Chemistry Chapter 5 : Topic 11
Industrial Material Uses
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Graphite is widely used as a lubricant in industrial machines even though it is a form of carbon. Which property of graphite makes it suitable for this use?
Reasoning: Graphite has layered structure with weak van der Waals forces between layers, allowing easy sliding, which reduces friction and makes it an excellent lubricant.
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Diamond is used in cutting and drilling tools in industries. What is the main reason for this application?
Reasoning: Diamond has a giant covalent structure where each carbon is strongly bonded in all directions, making it extremely hard.
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Graphite is used as an electrode in electrolysis. Which property supports this application?
Reasoning: Graphite conducts electricity due to the presence of delocalized electrons, making it suitable for electrodes.
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Metals are commonly used in electrical wiring. Which property makes this possible?
Reasoning: Metals have free / mobile electrons that allow efficient flow of electric current.
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Why is diamond not used as an electrical conductor despite being made of carbon?
Reasoning: In diamond, all valence electrons are used in covalent bonds, so no free electrons are available for conduction.
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Graphite is preferred over diamond for use in pencils. What property makes this possible?
Reasoning: Graphite layers easily flake off due to weak intermolecular forces, allowing it to mark paper.
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Why are metals suitable for making sheets and wires in industries?
Reasoning: Metals are malleable and ductile, allowing them to be shaped into sheets and wires.
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A material is extremely hard, does not conduct electricity, and is used in cutting glass. Which substance is it most likely?
Reasoning: Diamond is extremely hard due to its strong covalent network and is widely used in cutting tools.
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Graphite can conduct electricity while diamond cannot. What is the key structural difference?
Reasoning: Graphite has free electrons due to sp² bonding, while diamond locks all electrons in bonds.
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Why are metals preferred over non-metals for making electric cables?
Reasoning: Metals have delocalized electrons which allow current to pass easily.
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Which property makes graphite useful in high-temperature industrial electrodes?
Reasoning: Graphite has a very high melting point due to strong covalent bonds, making it stable at high temperatures.
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Diamond is not used for electrical wiring even though it is a form of carbon. Why?
Reasoning: Diamond has no free / mobile electrons, so it cannot conduct electricity.
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Metals are shiny and reflect light. This property is mainly due to:
Reasoning: Free electrons on metal surfaces reflect light, giving metallic luster.
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Why is graphite soft while diamond is extremely hard, even though both are carbon?
Reasoning: Graphite layers slide easily, while diamond has a rigid 3D covalent network.
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Which property of metals makes them suitable for making machinery parts?
Reasoning: Metals are strong and malleable, allowing them to be shaped without breaking.
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Graphite electrodes are used in electrolysis because they:
Reasoning: Graphite conducts electricity and is chemically stable, making it ideal for electrodes.
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Why are diamond tools preferred over steel tools in cutting hard materials?
Reasoning: Diamond’s strong covalent bonding makes it the hardest known material.
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Metals are used in construction (bridges, buildings) mainly because they:
Reasoning: Metals provide high strength and durability, making them suitable for structural applications.
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