Chemistry 9th Chap 10 : Topic 9 - Maryam Publications

Chemistry Chapter 10 : Topic 9

Effects of Acid Rain

1 / 19

Acid rain falling on marble statues of historical monuments gradually damages them. This occurs because marble mainly consists of calcium carbonate, which reacts with acids present in rainwater. Which statement best explains this phenomenon in terms of acid properties?

A) Acids convert calcium carbonate into pure calcium metal.

B) Acids freeze water molecules in marble causing cracks.

C) Acids react with carbonates producing salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

D) Acids increase hardness of marble by depositing minerals.

2 / 19

In industrial areas, acid rain is more severe and causes faster corrosion of iron bridges and steel structures. Which property of acids is most directly responsible for this effect?

A) Acids are good oxidizing agents only.

B) Acids have high boiling points.

C) Acids are corrosive in nature and can react with metals.

D) Acids are insoluble in water.

3 / 19

Fish populations in lakes affected by acid rain start declining sharply over time. What is the most appropriate scientific explanation?

A) Acid rain increases temperature of water bodies.

B) Acid rain increases salinity of water.

C) Acid rain increases oxygen concentration in water.

D) Acid rain decreases pH, making water too acidic for aquatic life.

4 / 19

A student observes that soil in a forest near a factory has become less fertile after several years of acid rain exposure. This is mainly because acid rain:

A) Neutralizes all minerals in soil permanently

B) Adds excessive nitrogen to soil making it toxic

C) Increases soil acidity, affecting nutrient absorption by plants

D) Converts soil into sandy texture

5 / 19

Which observation best supports the idea that acid rain behaves like a typical acid?

A) It has no effect on metals.

B) It turns blue litmus paper red when tested indirectly through collected water.

C) It evaporates quickly in sunlight.

D) It remains neutral in all conditions.

6 / 19

Acid rain damages limestone buildings more severely than granite structures. The correct explanation is:

A) Granite is soluble in acids.

B) Limestone reacts with acids due to its calcium carbonate content.

C) Granite contains more water content.

D) Limestone is a stronger material than granite.

7 / 19

Which reaction best represents the chemical effect of acid rain on calcium carbonate structures?

A) Acid + Base → Salt + Water

B) Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

C) Acid + Oxygen → Oxide formation

D) Acid + Metal → Hydrogen gas only

8 / 19

Why does acid rain accelerate rusting of iron structures?

A) It coats iron with protective layer.

B) It provides acidic medium that speeds up oxidation of iron.

C) It reduces moisture in air.

D) It removes oxygen from iron surface.

9 / 19

Which property of acids explains the harmful effect of acid rain on human skin in extreme exposure cases?

A) Acids are slippery in nature.

B) Acids increase body temperature.

C) Acids are corrosive and can damage organic tissues.

D) Acids have no biological effect.

10 / 19

Acid rain is found to reduce crop yield in agricultural fields over time. Which is the most accurate reason?

A) It changes soil pH and reduces nutrient availability.

B) It adds extra vitamins to soil.

C) It increases photosynthesis rate.

D) It improves water retention in soil.

11 / 19

Which combination correctly links acid rain effects with acid properties?

A) Acid rain hardens metals → acids are hardening agents

B) Acid rain dissolves marble → acids react with carbonates

C) Acid rain increases plant growth → acids are fertilizers

D) Acid rain increases oxygen in water → acids release oxygen

12 / 19

Acid rain affects glass surfaces less compared to limestone structures. This is because glass:

A) Reacts instantly with all acids

B) Is made of acids itself

C) Contains no reactive carbonate compounds

D) Contains iron that resists corrosion

13 / 19

Which statement best connects acid rain with acid behavior?

A) Acid rain shows neutral behavior in all reactions.

B) Acid rain behaves like acids by releasing H⁺ ions in solution.

C) Acid rain only affects living organisms, not materials.

D) Acid rain is basic in nature but damages acids.

14 / 19

Monuments made of marble show visible pits and rough surfaces after long exposure to acid rain. This is mainly due to:

A) Freezing of water inside marble

B) Physical scratching by wind only

C) Deposition of dust particles

D) Chemical reaction between acid and calcium carbonate

15 / 19

Which of the following best explains why acid rain is considered an environmental hazard?

A) It has no measurable chemical effect.

B) It improves structural strength of buildings.

C) It damages ecosystems, buildings, and water bodies due to acidity.

D) It increases fertility of soil and water.

16 / 19

Acid rain is more harmful in cities with high industrial emissions because:

A) More oxygen is produced.

B) Rain becomes pure water.

C) More acidic gases dissolve in rainwater forming acids.

D) Temperature of rain increases.

17 / 19

Which property of acids explains bubbling observed when acid rain reacts with limestone?

A) Acids produce hydrogen gas with all solids.

B) Acids evaporate on contact.

C) Acids react with carbonates releasing carbon dioxide.

D) Acids absorb gases from surroundings.

18 / 19

A lake affected by acid rain shows increased mortality of fish and amphibians. This is mainly due to:

A) Decrease in water volume

B) Increase in dissolved salts

C) Increase in water transparency

D) Drop in pH below tolerance level of aquatic organisms

19 / 19

Acid rain contributes to deforestation by weakening tree leaves and soil quality. This effect is mainly due to:

A) Acidic conditions damaging plant tissues and nutrient uptake

B) Acid rain increasing rainfall frequency

C) Acid rain freezing plant cells

D) Acids enhancing chlorophyll production

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