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Physics Chapter 8 : Topic 12
Temperature Rise and Internal Energy
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The internal energy of a body is mainly the total energy associated with:
Reasoning: Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy of particles and the potential energy due to interactions between them.
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When the temperature of a body increases, its internal energy generally:
Reasoning: A rise in temperature means particles gain kinetic energy, increasing the internal energy.
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Temperature of a body is a measure of:
Reasoning: Temperature represents the average kinetic energy of particles, not the total internal energy.
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Heating a substance increases its internal energy because:
Reasoning: Heat energy increases particle motion and may increase potential energy due to changes in spacing.
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Which statement correctly relates temperature and internal energy?
Reasoning: Increasing temperature increases particle kinetic energy, contributing to higher internal energy.
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When ice melts at $\mathbf{0}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$, the temperature remains constant but internal energy:
Reasoning: Heat energy is used to overcome intermolecular forces, increasing potential energy.
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During boiling of water at constant temperature, supplied heat:
Reasoning: Latent heat increases potential energy by separating molecules.
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Two objects have the same temperature. Their internal energies may differ because:
Reasoning: A large object may contain more particles and therefore more total internal energy.
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A large bucket of warm water and a cup of warm water have the same temperature. Which has greater internal energy?
Reasoning: The bucket contains more molecules, so its total internal energy is greater.
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If the temperature of an ideal gas increases, the internal energy increases because:
Reasoning: For an ideal gas, internal energy depends only on temperature.
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Which method can increase the internal energy of a body?
Reasoning: Energy can enter a system by heat transfer or by work.
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Rubbing hands together produces heat because:
Reasoning: Friction converts mechanical energy into internal energy, raising temperature.
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A gas is compressed rapidly. Its temperature rises because:
Reasoning: Compression transfers energy to the gas through work.
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Which of the following has the greatest effect on the internal energy of a substance?
Reasoning: Internal energy depends on molecular kinetic and potential energies.
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If the temperature of a gas decreases, its internal energy generally:
Reasoning: Lower temperature means lower average kinetic energy of molecules.
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A body at a higher temperature has particles that:
Reasoning: Temperature is directly related to average kinetic energy of particles.
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Which statement about internal energy is correct?
Reasoning: Internal energy is associated with molecular motion and intermolecular forces.
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A metal rod is heated. The rise in temperature indicates:
Reasoning: Heating increases molecular vibration and kinetic energy.
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Which process increases internal energy without heat transfer?
Reasoning: Work done on a gas increases internal energy even without heat exchange.
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A body’s temperature increases but its internal energy does not increase. This is:
Reasoning: A temperature rise normally indicates increased particle kinetic energy and therefore increased internal energy.
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The internal energy of a body depends on:
Reasoning: Internal energy depends on the amount of matter, temperature, and molecular properties.
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A small amount of water and a large amount of water are heated to the same temperature increase. Which receives more energy?
Reasoning: More particles require more energy to achieve the same temperature rise.
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When a substance changes from solid to liquid, internal energy increases because:
Reasoning: During melting, energy increases molecular separation rather than temperature.
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The temperature of a body increases when:
Reasoning: Temperature depends on average kinetic energy of particles.
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Which statement explains why a hot object cools down?
Reasoning: Energy transfers from the hotter object to cooler surroundings until equilibrium.
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Two objects made of different materials have the same mass and temperature. Their internal energies may differ because:
Reasoning: Different substances store energy differently due to molecular properties.
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A thermometer measures temperature, not:
Reasoning: Temperature measures average kinetic energy, while internal energy is total microscopic energy.
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Increasing the temperature of a gas at constant volume causes:
Reasoning: Heating increases particle speed, raising kinetic energy and internal energy.
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A body can have more internal energy than another body even if:
Reasoning: Total internal energy depends on the number of particles as well as temperature.
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The best explanation for a temperature rise is:
Reasoning: Energy supplied to a body increases molecular motion, causing temperature rise and increased internal energy.
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