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Physics Chapter 7 : Topic 4
Young Modulus Experiment
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The main purpose of the Young modulus experiment is to determine:
Reasoning: Young modulus measures the stiffness or elasticity of a material by relating stress and strain.
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In the Young modulus experiment, the wire is stretched by applying:
Reasoning: Young modulus is determined by measuring the extension produced when a wire is stretched.
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The basic equation used to determine Young modulus is:
Reasoning: Young modulus is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain.
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In the experiment, the stress on the wire is calculated using:
Reasoning: Stress is defined as the applied force divided by the cross-sectional area of the wire.
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The strain of the wire in the experiment is calculated as:
Reasoning: Strain is the fractional increase in length of the wire.
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Which apparatus is used to measure the extension of the wire accurately?
Reasoning: A vernier scale or similar arrangement is used to measure small extensions accurately.
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A micrometer screw gauge is used in the Young modulus experiment to measure:
Reasoning: The diameter is measured to calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire.
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The cross-sectional area of the wire is calculated using:
Reasoning: The wire has a circular cross-section, so area $\mathbf{= \pi}\mathbf{r}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{= \pi}\mathbf{d}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{\ /\ 4}$.
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Why is the diameter of the wire measured at several points?
Reasoning: Multiple readings give a more accurate average diameter.
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In the experiment, the original length of the wire is measured because it is required to calculate:
Reasoning: Strain $\mathbf{=}$ extension $\mathbf{/}$ original length.
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A wire is loaded beyond its elastic limit during the experiment. The result will be:
Reasoning: Young modulus is measured within the elastic limit where the wire returns to its original length.
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The experiment should be performed within the elastic limit because:
Reasoning: Young modulus is constant only when Hooke’s law is obeyed.
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If the load on the wire is increased gradually, the extension should:
Reasoning: According to Hooke’s law, extension is directly proportional to applied force within the elastic region.
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The slope of a load-extension graph gives information about:
Reasoning: The load-extension relationship helps determine the stiffness and Young modulus of the wire.
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Which of the following reduces experimental error in the Young modulus experiment?
Reasoning: Repeated measurements improve accuracy by reducing random errors.
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A heavier load produces a larger extension because:
Reasoning: Greater force produces greater tensile stress and extension.
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The SI unit of Young modulus obtained from the experiment is:
Reasoning: Young modulus has the same unit as stress, which is Pascal.
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If the diameter of the wire is measured incorrectly, the calculated Young modulus will be affected because:
Reasoning: Cross-sectional area depends on diameter, affecting stress calculation.
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A thicker wire of the same material requires more force for the same extension because:
Reasoning: A larger area means smaller stress for the same force, so more force is needed.
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If two wires have the same dimensions but different materials, the wire with greater extension has:
Reasoning: Greater extension means greater strain for the same stress, giving a lower Young modulus.
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The main source of force applied to the wire in this experiment is usually:
Reasoning: Known masses provide known gravitational forces to stretch the wire.
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The force applied by a hanging mass is calculated using:
Reasoning: The weight of a mass is given by force $\mathbf{=}$ mass $\mathbf{\times}$ gravitational acceleration.
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A wire of length $\mathbf{2\ m}$ extends by $\mathbf{2\ mm}$. The strain is:
Reasoning: Strain $\mathbf{=}$ extension $/$ original length $\mathbf{= 0.002\ /\ 2 = 0.001}$
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In the Young modulus experiment, the wire should be:
Reasoning: One end is fixed so that the applied load stretches the wire properly.
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The main measurements required to calculate Young modulus are:
Reasoning: Young modulus requires stress and strain, which are obtained from these measurements.
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A wire is loaded and unloaded repeatedly before taking readings. This is done to:
Reasoning: Initial loading helps remove effects such as slack in the wire.
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A wire with high Young modulus will show:
Reasoning: High Young modulus indicates greater resistance to stretching.
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The extension of the wire is measured because it is needed to determine:
Reasoning: Extension is used in the strain calculation.
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If the load is doubled within the elastic limit, the extension becomes:
Reasoning: Extension is proportional to applied force within the elastic limit.
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The experiment verifies which law of elasticity?
Reasoning: The experiment depends on the proportional relationship between stress and strain.
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Why is a long thin wire preferred for the experiment?
Reasoning: A longer, thinner wire produces a larger measurable extension.
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If the wire length is increased while keeping material and diameter constant, the extension for the same load:
Reasoning: Extension is directly proportional to the original length.
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The Young modulus of a material is independent of:
Reasoning: Young modulus is a material property and remains constant within elastic limits.
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A graph of stress against strain for an elastic material is:
Reasoning: Hooke’s law states stress is directly proportional to strain.
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The experiment would give an incorrect Young modulus if:
Reasoning: Beyond the elastic limit, stress is no longer proportional to strain.
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The purpose of using a long wire in the experiment is to:
Reasoning: Longer wires show larger extensions, making measurements easier.
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If the cross-sectional area of a wire increases, for the same load the stress:
Reasoning: Stress $\mathbf{=}$ Force $/$ Area, so larger area reduces stress.
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The experimental value of Young modulus can be improved by:
Reasoning: Averaging repeated readings reduces measurement errors.
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The final calculation of Young modulus involves:
Reasoning: Young modulus is the ratio of stress to strain.
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