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Physics Chapter 6 : Topic 2
Engineering of Floating Ships
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A ship made of steel can float on seawater because:
Reasoning: Although steel is dense, the hollow structure increases volume and reduces average density.
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The main principle responsible for floating of ships is:
Reasoning: Ships float because water provides an upward buoyant force equal to their weight.
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A floating ship is in equilibrium when:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{F}_{\mathbf{B}}\mathbf{= W}$ is the condition for floating equilibrium.
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The upward force acting on a floating ship is called:
Reasoning: Fluids exert an upward force called buoyancy.
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According to the law of flotation, a ship displaces seawater whose weight is:
Reasoning: A floating body displaces fluid equal in weight to itself.
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Ships are made hollow mainly to:
Reasoning: A hollow design allows a heavy ship to float by increasing volume.
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The average density of a floating ship is:
Reasoning: Floating objects have average density less than the fluid.
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If a steel block is thrown into water it sinks, but a steel ship floats because:
Reasoning: Air-filled space reduces the overall density of the ship.
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Increasing the volume of a ship without greatly increasing its mass:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{\rho =}$ $\frac{\mathbf{m}}{\mathbf{V}}$ ; Increasing volume decreases density.
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The bottom part of a ship is designed wide mainly to:
Reasoning: A wider base lowers the chance of tipping.
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A ship floats higher in seawater than freshwater because:
Reasoning: Higher density seawater produces greater upthrust.
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When cargo is loaded onto a ship, it sinks deeper because:
Reasoning: More weight requires more displaced water to balance it.
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A loaded ship floats because:
Reasoning: Upthrust equals total weight.
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If a ship moves from seawater to freshwater, it will:
Reasoning: Freshwater is less dense, so more volume must be displaced.
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The displaced water by a floating ship depends on:
Reasoning: Weight determines the required buoyant force.
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A ship is designed with a low centre of gravity to:
Reasoning: A lower centre of gravity reduces the tendency to overturn.
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When a ship tilts, it remains stable because:
Reasoning: The shifted buoyancy creates a restoring moment.
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The centre of buoyancy of a floating ship is located at:
Reasoning: Buoyant force acts through the centre of displaced fluid.
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A ship is more stable when:
Reasoning: Lower centre of gravity increases stability.
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A wide ship base helps because it:
Reasoning: Wider bases provide greater stability.
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A submarine changes its position in water by controlling:
Reasoning: Ballast tanks change average density.
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A life boat floats because:
Reasoning: Floating depends on average density.
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The load limit of a ship is determined by:
Reasoning: The ship must displace enough water without losing stability.
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A ship sinks when:
Reasoning: Greater downward force causes sinking.
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The Plimsoll line on ships indicates:
Reasoning: It prevents overloading and unsafe sinking.The Plimsoll line on ships indicates the maximum safe depth to which a vessel can be immersed when loaded with cargo, ensuring it maintains proper buoyancy and stability across varying conditions.
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A floating ship weighs $\mathbf{50000\ N}$. The buoyant force acting on it is:
Reasoning: For floating: $\mathbf{F}_{\mathbf{B}}\mathbf{= W}$
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A ship displaces $\mathbf{10\ }\mathbf{m}^{\mathbf{3}}$ seawater of density $\mathbf{1025\ }\mathbf{kg\ /\ m}^{\mathbf{3}}$. The buoyant force is approximately:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{F}_{\mathbf{B}}\mathbf{= \rho Vg = 1025(10)(9.8) \approx 100450\ N}$
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If the mass of cargo on a ship increases, the ship:
Reasoning: More weight requires greater upthrust.
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A ship floats because the upward force is:
Reasoning: Equilibrium requires balanced forces.
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A ship designed with a large volume has:
Reasoning: Large volume reduces density.
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Why is a solid iron ball unable to float while an iron ship can float?
Reasoning: The hollow structure lowers average density.
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The maximum load a ship can carry depends mainly on:
Reasoning: Safe loading requires sufficient buoyancy and stability.
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If holes develop in a ship and water enters inside, it may sink because:
Reasoning: Water increases mass without increasing volume effectively.
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The main purpose of a ship’s curved hull is to:
Reasoning: Hull shape helps achieve flotation and stability.
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A ship floating in water experiences:
Reasoning: Weight and buoyant force are equal.
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The engineering principle behind ship flotation is:
Reasoning: Ships float because their design allows buoyant force to balance weight.
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