Physics 11th Chap 14 : Topic 4 - Maryam Publications

Physics Chapter 14 : Topic 4

Neutrinos in Beta Decay

1 / 30

During beta-minus $\mathbf{(}\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{)}$ decay, the particle emitted along with the electron is:

A) Positron

B) Electron neutrino

C) Electron antineutrino

D) Proton

2 / 30

The correct equation for $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay is:

A) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

3 / 30

During $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay, the emitted neutral particle is:

A) Electron antineutrino

B) Photon

C) Electron neutrino

D) Neutron

4 / 30

The correct equation for $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay is:

A) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

5 / 30

Which statement correctly compares $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay?

A) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ produces an antineutrino, while $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ produces a neutrino

B) Neither produces neutrinos

C) Both produce electron antineutrinos

D) Both produce electron neutrinos

6 / 30

The symbol for an electron neutrino is:

A) $\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}$

C) anti $\mathbf{- \ \nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}$

7 / 30

The symbol for an electron antineutrino is:

A) $\mathbf{n}^{\mathbf{o}}$

B) $\mathbf{p}^{\mathbf{+}}$

C) $\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) anti $\mathbf{- \ }\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

8 / 30

A radioactive nucleus undergoes $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay. Which combination is emitted?

A) Electron and neutrino

B) Electron and antineutrino

C) Positron and antineutrino

D) Positron and neutrino

9 / 30

A radioactive nucleus undergoes $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay. Which particles are produced?

A) Positron and neutrino

B) Alpha particle and neutrino

C) Electron and antineutrino

D) Electron and neutrino

10 / 30

The main purpose of neutrino emission in beta decay is to:

A) Increase the mass of the nucleus

B) Maintain conservation laws such as energy and momentum

C) Produce gamma radiation

D) Increase the nuclear charge

11 / 30

In $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay, a neutron changes into:

A) Electron $\mathbf{+}$ neutrino only

B) Alpha particle $\mathbf{+}$ photon

C) Proton $\mathbf{+}$ electron $\mathbf{+}$ electron antineutrino

D) Proton $\mathbf{+}$ positron $\mathbf{+}$ electron neutrino

12 / 30

In $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay, a proton changes into:

A) Electron $\mathbf{+}$ neutron

B) Neutron $\mathbf{+}$ positron $\mathbf{+}$ electron neutrino

C) Alpha particle $\mathbf{+}$ photon

D) Proton $\mathbf{+}$ electron antineutrino

13 / 30

Which beta decay involves the emission of an antineutrino?

A) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay only

B) Neither decay

C) Both $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay

D) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay only

14 / 30

Which beta decay involves the emission of a neutrino?

A) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay only

B) Gamma decay

C) Both $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay

D) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay only

15 / 30

A scientist detects a positron coming from a radioactive nucleus. The accompanying neutral particle is most likely:

A) Neutron

B) Photon

C) Electron antineutrino

D) Electron neutrino

16 / 30

A radioactive source emits electrons during decay. The neutral particle produced with them is:

A) Positron

B) Electron neutrino

C) Electron antineutrino

D) Proton

17 / 30

Which particle is electrically neutral?

A) Positron

B) Electron

C) Proton

D) Neutrino

18 / 30

The difference between a neutrino and an antineutrino is related to:

A) Mass only

B) Quantum properties such as lepton number

C) Electric charge only

D) Size

19 / 30

If a nucleus emits $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ radiation, its atomic number increases by one because:

A) A proton changes into a neutron

B) A neutrino becomes a proton

C) A neutron changes into a proton

D) An electron is added to the nucleus

20 / 30

If a nucleus emits $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ radiation, its atomic number decreases by one because:

A) A neutron changes into a proton

B) A proton changes into a neutron

C) A gamma photon is released

D) An electron enters the nucleus

21 / 30

Which reaction represents $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay?

A) $_{\mathbf{6}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{C}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}_{\mathbf{7}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{N}\mathbf{+ e}\mathbf{⁻}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{p}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n + e}\mathbf{⁻}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $_{\mathbf{7}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{N}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}_{\mathbf{6}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{C}\mathbf{+ e}\mathbf{⁺}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{\alpha}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ \gamma +}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

22 / 30

Which reaction represents $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay?

A) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

23 / 30

Why was the neutrino proposed in beta decay theory?

A) To increase nuclear mass

B) To explain alpha radiation

C) To create electric charge

D) To explain missing energy and momentum

24 / 30

Which particle is emitted in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay but not in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay?

A) Photon

B) Neutrino

C) Electron

D) Electron antineutrino

25 / 30

Which particle is emitted in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay but not in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay?

A) Proton

B) Electron antineutrino

C) Positron

D) Electron neutrino

26 / 30

A radioactive nucleus emits a positron and a neutral particle. The neutral particle is:

A) Gamma ray

B) Alpha particle

C) Electron antineutrino

D) Electron neutrino

27 / 30

A radioactive nucleus emits an electron and a neutral particle. The neutral particle is:

A) Electron neutrino

B) Proton

C) Electron antineutrino

D) Positron

28 / 30

Which statement is correct about neutrinos and antineutrinos in beta decay?

A) They are produced to conserve physical quantities.

B) They have greater mass than alpha particles.

C) They have large positive charge.

D) They replace electrons in atoms.

29 / 30

The decay process $\mathbf{n}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ }\mathbf{p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$ represents:

A) Beta-minus decay

B) Beta-plus decay

C) Gamma emission

D) Alpha decay

30 / 30

The decay process $\mathbf{p}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ }\mathbf{n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$ represents:

A) Gamma decay

B) Beta-plus decay

C) Beta-minus decay

D) Alpha decay

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