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Physics Chapter 11 : Topic 16
Thermistors and LDR Potential Dividers
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A potential divider containing a thermistor is mainly used to produce an output voltage that depends on:
Reasoning: A thermistor changes its resistance with temperature, causing the output potential difference of the potential divider to change.
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A negative temperature coefficient $\mathbf{(NTC)}$ thermistor has the property that:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{NTC}$ thermistors have lower resistance at higher temperatures.
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In a potential divider circuit, an $\mathbf{LDR}$ is used because its resistance changes with:
Reasoning: The resistance of an $\mathbf{LDR}$ depends on the intensity of light falling on it.
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When light intensity falling on an $\mathbf{LDR}$ increases, its resistance generally:
Reasoning: More light creates more charge carriers in the $\mathbf{LDR}$, reducing its resistance.
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The main purpose of using a thermistor in a potential divider is to:
Reasoning: The changing resistance of the thermistor alters the voltage division ratio, producing a temperature-dependent voltage.
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A potential divider consists of a thermistor and a fixed resistor connected in series. The output voltage is measured across the thermistor. If temperature increases ($\mathbf{NTC}$ thermistor), the output voltage will:
Reasoning: For an $\mathbf{NTC}$ thermistor, higher temperature reduces resistance, so the voltage across it decreases.
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In a potential divider, the output voltage across a component depends mainly on its:
Reasoning: Voltage division depends on the ratio of individual resistance to total circuit resistance.
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A potential divider with an$\mathbf{\ }\mathbf{LDR}$ can be used as an automatic street light because it can:
Reasoning: The $\mathbf{LDR}$ changes resistance according to light level, allowing automatic switching circuits.
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An $\mathbf{LDR}$ has a high resistance in darkness. In a potential divider, this means:
Reasoning: The high resistance changes the voltage ratio in the divider, altering the output voltage.
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A thermistor is connected in series with a fixed resistor. The supply voltage remains constant. When the thermistor resistance decreases, the current in the circuit:
Reasoning: Lower total resistance causes greater current according to Ohm’s law.
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Which combination is most suitable for designing a temperature sensor?
Reasoning: A thermistor in a potential divider converts temperature changes into voltage changes.
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The output voltage from a potential divider using an $\mathbf{LDR}$ is useful because it:
Reasoning: The $\mathbf{LDR}$ resistance varies with light intensity, changing the output voltage.
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A potential divider is preferred for sensors because it converts:
Reasoning: Sensors such as thermistors and $\mathbf{LDRs}$ change resistance, and the divider produces a measurable voltage output.
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A thermistor and fixed resistor are arranged as a potential divider. The output voltage is measured across the fixed resistor. As temperature increases ($\mathbf{NTC}$ thermistor), the output voltage:
Reasoning: Decreased thermistor resistance causes a larger fraction of voltage to appear across the fixed resistor.
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In an $\mathbf{LDR}$ potential divider, the output voltage changes because:
Reasoning: The changing resistance of the $\mathbf{LDR}$ changes the voltage division ratio.
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A sensor circuit gives a higher output voltage when temperature rises. Which arrangement is likely being used with an $\mathbf{NTC}$ thermistor?
Reasoning: As temperature rises, thermistor resistance decreases, causing more voltage across the fixed resistor.
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If the resistance of the thermistor is equal to the resistance of the fixed resistor in a potential divider, the output voltage across either component is:
Reasoning: Equal resistances divide the supply voltage equally.
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Which statement correctly describes an $\mathbf{LDR}$?
Reasoning: Increased light intensity decreases the resistance of an $\mathbf{LDR}$.
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A potential divider using an $\mathbf{LDR}$ is placed near a window. During daytime, the output voltage changes because:
Reasoning: Changing light levels alter the $\mathbf{LDR}$ resistance, affecting the output voltage.
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The sensitivity of a potential divider sensor can be improved by:
Reasoning: Proper resistor selection allows larger voltage changes for small changes in sensor resistance.
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A thermistor-based potential divider is connected to a control circuit. The output voltage is used to:
Reasoning: The voltage output represents temperature changes and can control electronic devices.
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Which sensor is most suitable for an automatic lighting system?
Reasoning: An $\mathbf{LDR}$ responds directly to changes in light intensity.
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A potential divider output is taken across an $\mathbf{NTC}$ thermistor. At very high temperature, the output voltage is expected to be:
Reasoning: High temperature reduces thermistor resistance, reducing the voltage across it.
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Why is a fixed resistor used with a thermistor or $\mathbf{LDR}$ in a potential divider?
Reasoning: The fixed resistor forms a voltage divider with the sensor, allowing resistance changes to produce voltage changes.
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The voltage output from a potential divider containing a sensor is an example of:
Reasoning: The output voltage varies continuously with temperature or light intensity.
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A potential divider using a thermistor is connected to a voltmeter. The voltmeter measures:
Reasoning: The thermistor changes resistance, which changes the divider output voltage.
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A light sensor circuit requires a higher output voltage when light intensity increases. Which arrangement is suitable?
Reasoning: As $\mathbf{LDR}$ resistance decreases in bright light, the voltage across the fixed resistor increases.
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The advantage of using an $\mathbf{LDR}$ in a potential divider rather than measuring its resistance directly is that:
Reasoning: Electronic control systems commonly use voltage signals rather than direct resistance measurements.
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If the output voltage of an $\mathbf{LDR}$ potential divider decreases when light intensity increases, the output is probably measured across:
Reasoning: Increasing light decreases $\mathbf{LDR}$ resistance, so the voltage across the $\mathbf{LDR}$ decreases.
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The basic principle behind thermistor and $\mathbf{LDR}$ potential divider circuits is:
Reasoning: The sensor resistance changes with temperature or light, altering the fraction of supply voltage across components.
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