Physics 11th Chap 14 : Topic 4 - Maryam Publications

Physics Chapter 14 : Topic 4

Neutrinos in Beta Decay

1 / 30

During beta-minus $\mathbf{(}\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{)}$ decay, the particle emitted along with the electron is:

A) Electron neutrino

B) Proton

C) Positron

D) Electron antineutrino

2 / 30

The correct equation for $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay is:

A) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

3 / 30

During $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay, the emitted neutral particle is:

A) Photon

B) Electron antineutrino

C) Electron neutrino

D) Neutron

4 / 30

The correct equation for $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay is:

A) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

5 / 30

Which statement correctly compares $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay?

A) Both produce electron neutrinos

B) Neither produces neutrinos

C) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ produces an antineutrino, while $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ produces a neutrino

D) Both produce electron antineutrinos

6 / 30

The symbol for an electron neutrino is:

A) $\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}$

B) $\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}$

C) $\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) anti $\mathbf{- \ \nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

7 / 30

The symbol for an electron antineutrino is:

A) $\mathbf{p}^{\mathbf{+}}$

B) $\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) anti $\mathbf{- \ }\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{n}^{\mathbf{o}}$

8 / 30

A radioactive nucleus undergoes $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay. Which combination is emitted?

A) Electron and neutrino

B) Positron and antineutrino

C) Electron and antineutrino

D) Positron and neutrino

9 / 30

A radioactive nucleus undergoes $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay. Which particles are produced?

A) Positron and neutrino

B) Alpha particle and neutrino

C) Electron and antineutrino

D) Electron and neutrino

10 / 30

The main purpose of neutrino emission in beta decay is to:

A) Produce gamma radiation

B) Increase the mass of the nucleus

C) Maintain conservation laws such as energy and momentum

D) Increase the nuclear charge

11 / 30

In $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay, a neutron changes into:

A) Proton $\mathbf{+}$ electron $\mathbf{+}$ electron antineutrino

B) Alpha particle $\mathbf{+}$ photon

C) Proton $\mathbf{+}$ positron $\mathbf{+}$ electron neutrino

D) Electron $\mathbf{+}$ neutrino only

12 / 30

In $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay, a proton changes into:

A) Alpha particle $\mathbf{+}$ photon

B) Electron $\mathbf{+}$ neutron

C) Neutron $\mathbf{+}$ positron $\mathbf{+}$ electron neutrino

D) Proton $\mathbf{+}$ electron antineutrino

13 / 30

Which beta decay involves the emission of an antineutrino?

A) Both $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay

B) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay only

C) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay only

D) Neither decay

14 / 30

Which beta decay involves the emission of a neutrino?

A) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay only

B) $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay only

C) Both $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay

D) Gamma decay

15 / 30

A scientist detects a positron coming from a radioactive nucleus. The accompanying neutral particle is most likely:

A) Electron neutrino

B) Electron antineutrino

C) Photon

D) Neutron

16 / 30

A radioactive source emits electrons during decay. The neutral particle produced with them is:

A) Electron antineutrino

B) Positron

C) Electron neutrino

D) Proton

17 / 30

Which particle is electrically neutral?

A) Positron

B) Proton

C) Electron

D) Neutrino

18 / 30

The difference between a neutrino and an antineutrino is related to:

A) Quantum properties such as lepton number

B) Electric charge only

C) Size

D) Mass only

19 / 30

If a nucleus emits $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ radiation, its atomic number increases by one because:

A) A neutron changes into a proton

B) A proton changes into a neutron

C) A neutrino becomes a proton

D) An electron is added to the nucleus

20 / 30

If a nucleus emits $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ radiation, its atomic number decreases by one because:

A) An electron enters the nucleus

B) A gamma photon is released

C) A neutron changes into a proton

D) A proton changes into a neutron

21 / 30

Which reaction represents $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay?

A) $_{\mathbf{7}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{N}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}_{\mathbf{6}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{C}\mathbf{+ e}\mathbf{⁺}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{p}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n + e}\mathbf{⁻}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{\alpha}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ \gamma +}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $_{\mathbf{6}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{C}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}_{\mathbf{7}}^{\mathbf{14}}\mathbf{N}\mathbf{+ e}\mathbf{⁻}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

22 / 30

Which reaction represents $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay?

A) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

B) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

C) $\mathbf{p\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

D) $\mathbf{n\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$

23 / 30

Why was the neutrino proposed in beta decay theory?

A) To create electric charge

B) To explain alpha radiation

C) To increase nuclear mass

D) To explain missing energy and momentum

24 / 30

Which particle is emitted in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay but not in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay?

A) Electron

B) Photon

C) Neutrino

D) Electron antineutrino

25 / 30

Which particle is emitted in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ decay but not in $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ decay?

A) Proton

B) Electron neutrino

C) Electron antineutrino

D) Positron

26 / 30

A radioactive nucleus emits a positron and a neutral particle. The neutral particle is:

A) Alpha particle

B) Electron antineutrino

C) Electron neutrino

D) Gamma ray

27 / 30

A radioactive nucleus emits an electron and a neutral particle. The neutral particle is:

A) Proton

B) Electron neutrino

C) Positron

D) Electron antineutrino

28 / 30

Which statement is correct about neutrinos and antineutrinos in beta decay?

A) They are produced to conserve physical quantities.

B) They have large positive charge.

C) They replace electrons in atoms.

D) They have greater mass than alpha particles.

29 / 30

The decay process $\mathbf{n}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ }\mathbf{p +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{+ anti -}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$ represents:

A) Gamma emission

B) Beta-minus decay

C) Alpha decay

D) Beta-plus decay

30 / 30

The decay process $\mathbf{p}\mathbf{\ }\overset{\mathbf{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\rightarrow}\mathbf{\ }\mathbf{n +}\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{\nu}_{\mathbf{e}}$ represents:

A) Beta-plus decay

B) Beta-minus decay

C) Gamma decay

D) Alpha decay

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