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Physics Chapter 14 : Topic 2
Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiations
1 / 30
Alpha $\mathbf{(\alpha)}$ radiation is composed of:
Reasoning: An alpha particle is a helium nucleus containing two protons and two neutrons.
2 / 30
The charge on an alpha particle is:
Reasoning: An alpha particle contains two protons, each having charge $\mathbf{+ \ 1.6 \times}\mathbf{10}^{\mathbf{- 19}}\mathbf{\ C}$, so total charge is $\mathbf{+ \ 3.2 \times}\mathbf{10}^{\mathbf{- 19}}\mathbf{\ C}$.
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The mass of an alpha particle is approximately:
Reasoning: An alpha particle contains two protons and two neutrons, giving a mass approximately four times that of a proton.
4 / 30
Which radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves?
Reasoning: Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves with very high frequency and energy.
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Gamma $\mathbf{(\gamma)}$ radiation has:
Reasoning: Gamma photons have no electric charge and no rest mass.
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A beta-minus $\mathbf{(\beta ⁻)}$ particle is actually:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ radiation consists of high-speed electrons emitted from the nucleus.
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The charge of a beta-minus particle is:
Reasoning: A beta-minus particle is an electron, which carries one negative elementary charge.
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The mass of a beta-minus particle is:
Reasoning: Beta-minus particles are electrons, so their mass is the electron rest mass.
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Beta-plus $\mathbf{(}\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}\mathbf{)}$ radiation consists of:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ radiation is made up of positrons, which are the antimatter counterparts of electrons.
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The charge on a positron is:
Reasoning: A positron has the same mass as an electron but opposite charge.
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Which pair has the same mass but opposite charges?
Reasoning: Electrons and positrons have equal masses but charges of opposite signs.
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Which radiation has the greatest mass?
Reasoning: Alpha particles contain four nucleons, making them much heavier than beta particles and gamma photons.
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Which radiation is not affected by electric and magnetic fields?
Reasoning: Gamma rays have no charge, so they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.
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When comparing $\mathbf{\alpha}$, $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\gamma}$ radiations, the correct order of increasing mass is:
Reasoning: Gamma has zero rest mass, beta particles have electron mass, and alpha particles are the heaviest.
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The charge-to-mass ratio $\mathbf{(q\ /\ m)}$ is highest for:
Reasoning: Beta particles have very small mass but a charge equal to an electron, giving them the highest $(\mathbf{q}\ /\ \mathbf{m})$ ratio.
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Which statement about alpha particles is correct?
Reasoning: Alpha particles are helium nuclei consisting of two protons and two neutrons.
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If an alpha particle loses one proton, it becomes:
Reasoning: Removing one proton from a helium nucleus leaves a hydrogen nucleus.
18 / 30
Which radiation has a charge magnitude equal to one elementary charge?
Reasoning: Both $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ particles have charge magnitude equal to one elementary charge.
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A radioactive source emits radiation that is not deflected in a magnetic field. The radiation is most likely:
Reasoning: Only gamma radiation has no charge and therefore experiences no magnetic force.
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Which of the following correctly represents the composition of $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ radiation?
Reasoning: A positron is an electron-like particle with positive charge.
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Which statement correctly compares $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ particles?
Reasoning: $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ is an electron and $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{+}}$ is a positron; both have the same mass but opposite charges.
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The approximate mass ratio of $\mathbf{\alpha}$-particle to $\mathbf{\beta}$-particle is:
Reasoning: An alpha particle has a mass about four atomic mass units, while an electron has a much smaller mass.
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Which radiation can be considered as a stream of particles?
Reasoning: Alpha and beta radiations are particle radiations, while gamma is electromagnetic radiation.
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Which of the following has the smallest mass?
Reasoning: Gamma photons have zero rest mass, whereas electrons and positrons have small but non-zero masses.
25 / 30
A radiation has a charge of $\mathbf{+ \ 2e}$ and mass approximately equal to four atomic mass units. It is:
Reasoning: An alpha particle has charge $\mathbf{+ \ 2e}$ and mass approximately $\mathbf{4\ u}$.
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A radioactive emission has no charge but carries energy. It is:
Reasoning: Gamma rays are neutral electromagnetic waves that carry energy.
27 / 30
The charge of an alpha particle compared with a proton is:
Reasoning: An alpha particle contains two protons, so its charge is twice that of a proton.
28 / 30
Which radioactive emission changes into an electron after losing energy?
Reasoning: Beta-minus radiation itself consists of electrons emitted from the nucleus.
29 / 30
Which particle has the same mass as $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ radiation?
Reasoning: $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ particles are electrons, and positrons have the same mass as electrons.
30 / 30
A radioactive nucleus emits a particle with charge $\mathbf{e}^{\mathbf{-}}$ and very small mass. This emission is:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{\beta}^{\mathbf{-}}$ radiation consists of electrons having charge $e^{-}$ and very small mass.
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