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Physics Chapter 11 : Topic 7
e.m.f. and Potential Difference
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The main difference between $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ and potential difference $\mathbf{(p.d.)}$ is based on:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ represents energy supplied per unit charge, while p.d. represents energy used or transferred per unit charge.
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Electromotive force $\mathbf{(e.m.f.)}$ of a cell refers to:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ is the energy transferred from the source to each coulomb of charge.
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Potential difference $\mathbf{(p.d.)}$ between two points in a circuit represents:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{p.d.}$ is the energy transferred from charges to components per unit charge.
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A battery with $\mathbf{e.m.f}\mathbf{.}$ $\mathbf{12\ V}$ means that it:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ is the energy supplied by the source per coulomb.
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A resistor with a potential difference of $\mathbf{5\ V}$ across it means:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{p.d.}$ represents energy transferred per unit charge by a circuit element.
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In a complete circuit, the source provides energy to charges through:
Reasoning: The source uses $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ to transfer energy to charges.
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Which statement correctly describes potential difference?
Reasoning: Components use electrical energy, producing a potential difference across them.
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A battery transfers $\mathbf{600\ J}$ energy to move $\mathbf{50\ C}$ charge. Its $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ is:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{E =}$ $\frac{\mathbf{W}}{\mathbf{Q}}\mathbf{=}\frac{\mathbf{600}}{\mathbf{50}}\mathbf{= 12\ V}$
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A lamp has a $\mathbf{p.d.}$ of$\mathbf{\ \ }\mathbf{4\ V}$ across it. This means:
Reasoning: A lamp transfers electrical energy into light and heat energy.
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Which quantity is associated with energy gained by charges from a source?
Reasoning: The source provides energy through its $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$
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Which quantity is associated with energy lost by charges in circuit components?
Reasoning: Components such as lamps and resistors transfer electrical energy to other forms.
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If a battery has an $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ of $\mathbf{9\ V}$ and a lamp has a $\mathbf{p.d.}$ of $\mathbf{9\ V}$, it means:
Reasoning: In an ideal circuit, energy supplied by the source equals energy transferred to components.
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In a circuit containing a battery and resistor, the battery’s $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ is greater than the resistor’s $\mathbf{p.d.}$ because:
Reasoning: Internal resistance causes some energy loss inside a real battery.
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Which statement about $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ and $\mathbf{p.d.}$ is correct?
Reasoning: Both are energy per unit charge, but $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ supplies energy while $\mathbf{p.d.}$ transfers it away.
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The unit of both $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ and $\mathbf{p.d.}$ is:
Reasoning: Both are measured in volts because both represent energy per unit charge.
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A source moves $\mathbf{20\ C}$ charge and supplies $\mathbf{100\ J}$ energy. The $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ is:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{E =}$ $\frac{\mathbf{W}}{\mathbf{Q}}\mathbf{=}\frac{\mathbf{100}}{\mathbf{20}}\mathbf{= 5\ V}$
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A resistor converts $\mathbf{60\ J}$ energy when $\mathbf{10\ C}$ charge passes through it. The $\mathbf{p.d.}$ across the resistor is:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{V =}$ $\frac{\mathbf{W}}{\mathbf{Q}}\mathbf{=}\frac{\mathbf{60}}{\mathbf{10}}\mathbf{= 6\ V}$
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The energy supplied by a cell is greater than the energy delivered to external components because:
Reasoning: Real cells have internal resistance causing energy loss inside the cell.
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Which comparison is correct?
Reasoning: This correctly describes the energy roles of $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ and $\mathbf{p.d}$.
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When a charge moves through a battery, it:
Reasoning: The battery transfers energy to the charge through chemical reactions.
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When a charge moves through a resistor, it:
Reasoning: The resistor converts electrical energy into heat energy.
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In terms of energy considerations, $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ is related to:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ represents energy supplied by the source.
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In terms of energy considerations, $\mathbf{p.d.}$ is related to:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{p.d.}$ describes energy conversion in components.
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If no current flows through a circuit, the terminal voltage of an ideal battery equals:
Reasoning: With no current, no internal energy loss occurs, so terminal voltage equals $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$
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A battery supplies $\mathbf{15\ J}$ energy per coulomb while a motor uses $\mathbf{15\ J}$ per coulomb. This indicates:
Reasoning: The source supplies energy and the motor converts the same energy per charge.
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Which situation represents $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ rather than $\mathbf{p.d.}$?
Reasoning: Only the source provides energy to charges.
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Which situation represents $\mathbf{p.d.}$ rather than $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$?
Reasoning: A motor uses electrical energy, producing a potential difference.
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A voltmeter across a battery measures terminal $\mathbf{p.d.}$ because:
Reasoning: Voltage measurements represent energy transferred per unit charge.
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The relationship between $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ and $\mathbf{p.d.}$ in an ideal circuit is:
Reasoning: Energy supplied by the source equals energy used by circuit components.
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The key idea distinguishing $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ from $\mathbf{p.d.}$ is:
Reasoning: $\mathbf{e.m.f.}$ supplies energy per charge, while $\mathbf{p.d.}$ represents energy transfer from charges.
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