Physics 11th Chap 8 : Topic 2 - Maryam Publications

Physics Chapter 8 : Topic 2

Temperature and Internal Energy

1 / 39

The internal energy of a substance is the total:

A) Potential energy only of its particles

B) Mechanical energy of the whole object

C) Kinetic and potential energies of its particles

D) Kinetic energy only of its particles

2 / 39

When the temperature of an object increases, its internal energy generally:

A) Remains constant

B) Increases

C) Becomes zero

D) Decreases

3 / 39

The main reason for an increase in internal energy when temperature rises is that:

A) Volume always decreases

B) Number of particles decreases

C) Particle mass increases

D) Particle speed increases

4 / 39

Which quantity is directly related to the average kinetic energy of particles?

A) Temperature

B) Density

C) Volume

D) Pressure

5 / 39

A metal block is heated from $\mathbf{20}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$ to $\mathbf{80}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$. Its internal energy:

A) Decreases because particles spread apart

B) Becomes equal to its heat capacity

C) Increases because particle kinetic energy increases

D) Remains unchanged

6 / 39

Which statement best explains why a hot object has greater internal energy than the same object when cold?

A) Its mass increases.

B) Its particles possess more energy on average.

C) Its density increases greatly.

D) It contains more matter.

7 / 39

If heat is supplied to a solid and its temperature rises, the internal energy:

A) Remains constant

B) Becomes negative

C) Decreases

D) Increases

8 / 39

A rise in temperature of a gas is mainly associated with an increase in:

A) Number of molecules

B) Density only

C) Average kinetic energy of molecules

D) Molecular mass

9 / 39

Which of the following will definitely increase the internal energy of an object?

A) Heating it so that temperature rises

B) Cooling it

C) Compressing it without energy transfer

D) Reducing its mass

10 / 39

Internal energy is a property associated with:

A) Microscopic motion and interactions of particles

B) Electrical charge only

C) Position of the object above the ground

D) Motion of the object as a whole

11 / 39

Two identical metal blocks are at $\mathbf{20}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$ and $\mathbf{80}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$ respectively. Which has greater internal energy?

A) The ${\mathbf{2}\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$ block

B) Cannot be determined from temperature

C) The ${\mathbf{8}\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}\ $block

D) Both have equal internal energy

12 / 39

Temperature increases because:

A) Number of particles changes

B) Particles lose energy

C) Average kinetic energy of particles increases

D) Pressure becomes zero

13 / 39

A rise in temperature is evidence that:

A) Internal energy has increased.

B) Density has doubled.

C) Mass has increased.

D) Internal energy has decreased.

14 / 39

Which form of energy changes most directly when the temperature of a substance rises?

A) Microscopic kinetic energy

B) Gravitational potential energy

C) Nuclear energy

D) Electrical energy

15 / 39

The SI unit of internal energy is:

A) Pascal

B) Watt

C) Kelvin

D) Joule

16 / 39

Why does a heated gas exert greater pressure in a fixed container?

A) Molecules move faster and collide more energetically.

B) Molecules become heavier.

C) Density becomes zero.

D) Volume increases automatically.

17 / 39

An increase in internal energy may occur due to:

A) Neither $\mathbf{A}$ nor $\mathbf{B}$

B) Doing work on the system

C) Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$

D) Heating

18 / 39

Which of the following has the highest average molecular kinetic energy?

A) Water at ${\mathbf{6}\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$

B) Water at ${\mathbf{1}\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$

C) Water at ${\mathbf{9}\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$

D) Water at ${\mathbf{3}\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$

19 / 39

A cold spoon is placed in hot tea. The spoon’s temperature rises because:

A) Its particles gain internal energy.

B) Its mass increases.

C) It gains density.

D) Its volume becomes zero.

20 / 39

Which statement about temperature and internal energy is correct?

A) They are exactly the same quantity.

B) Temperature is an indicator of internal energy changes.

C) Internal energy is measured in Kelvin.

D) Internal energy depends only on volume.

21 / 39

If the temperature of water rises from $\mathbf{25}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$ to $\mathbf{50}^{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{C}$, the water molecules:

A) Have greater average kinetic energy

B) Become larger

C) Move more slowly

D) Lose internal energy

22 / 39

Which statement is true for an ideal gas?

A) Internal energy depends only on pressure.

B) Internal energy is always constant.

C) Internal energy is independent of temperature.

D) Internal energy depends mainly on molecular kinetic energy.

23 / 39

If the temperature of a substance doubles on the Kelvin scale, its particles generally:

A) Become twice as massive

B) Stop moving

C) Have greater average kinetic energy

D) Lose energy

24 / 39

Which process causes internal energy to decrease?

A) Absorption of heat

B) Compression with work done on the object

C) Heating

D) Cooling

25 / 39

A temperature rise in a solid indicates that its atoms:

A) Become lighter

B) Stop vibrating

C) Vibrate more vigorously

D) Disappear partially

26 / 39

Internal energy depends on:

A) Color of the object

B) Height above ground only

C) Velocity of the object as a whole only

D) Energy of particles within the substance

27 / 39

Which statement best links temperature and internal energy?

A) Internal energy is always zero at room temperature.

B) Higher temperature usually means greater internal energy.

C) Temperature and internal energy are unrelated.

D) Internal energy decreases with temperature.

28 / 39

The internal energy of an object can increase even if:

A) Its temperature rises.

B) Its volume remains constant.

C) All of the above

D) Its mass remains constant.

29 / 39

Why does heating a gas make its molecules move faster?

A) Heat increases average kinetic energy.

B) Heat increases molecular mass.

C) Heat creates new molecules.

D) Heat decreases energy loss completely.

30 / 39

Which observation provides evidence of increased internal energy?

A) Constant mass

B) Decrease in temperature

C) Rise in temperature

D) Constant volume

31 / 39

Internal energy is stored in:

A) Earth’s gravitational field only

B) The object’s external motion only

C) The arrangement and motion of particles

D) Electric circuits only

32 / 39

A substance absorbs $\mathbf{500\ J}$ of heat and its temperature increases. This indicates:

A) Internal energy has decreased.

B) Energy has disappeared.

C) Temperature and energy are unrelated.

D) Internal energy has increased.

33 / 39

The particles of a hotter substance differ from those of a colder one because they have:

A) Greater mass

B) Greater average kinetic energy

C) Greater volume

D) Greater charge

34 / 39

Which quantity is most closely related to internal energy change during heating?

A) Shape change

B) Temperature change

C) Position change

D) Color change

35 / 39

During heating, the internal energy of a substance increases because:

A) Density always increases

B) Gravity becomes stronger

C) New particles are created

D) Energy is transferred to its particles

36 / 39

A rise in temperature from $\mathbf{300\ K}$ to $\mathbf{350\ K}$ indicates:

A) Loss of energy

B) Decrease in internal energy

C) No change in particle motion

D) Increase in average kinetic energy

37 / 39

Which statement is incorrect?

A) Internal energy includes microscopic kinetic energy.

B) Temperature rise usually increases internal energy.

C) Internal energy is measured in joules.

D) Internal energy depends only on mass and not temperature.

38 / 39

If an object’s temperature remains constant, its internal energy:

A) Does not necessarily increase due to temperature change

B) Must always increase

C) Must always decrease

D) Becomes zero

39 / 39

The relationship between temperature and internal energy is that:

A) Increasing temperature generally increases internal energy.

B) Increasing temperature decreases internal energy.

C) Internal energy remains fixed.

D) They are unrelated quantities.

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