FBISE, NCP & NBF-aligned resources for Classes 9–12
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Biology Chapter 5 : Test Yourself
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A bivalent consists of:
Reasoning: A bivalent is formed by two homologous chromosomes, each having two chromatids and one centromere.
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During cell division spindle fibres attach a chromosome at:
Reasoning: Spindle fibres attach to the kinetochore located on the centromere.
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Crossing over results in genetic recombination. It occurs between:
Reasoning: Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
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The spindle apparatus of plants differs from that of animals in not having:
Reasoning: Most plant cells lack centrioles but still form spindle fibres.
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Substance and energy required for the replication of DNA is accumulated in the cell during:
Reasoning: G¹ phase prepares the cell for DNA replication by accumulating materials and energy.
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All of the following events take place both in mitosis and meiosis except:
Reasoning: Pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over occur only in meiosis I.
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A cell diagram shows homologous chromosomes paired as bivalents with visible contact points between non-sister chromatids. Which stage is the cell passing through?
Reasoning: The diagram shows homologous chromosomes paired up closely together with clear points of contact where they overlap. This specific pairing process and the crossing over of genetic material are unique defining features that occur exclusively during Prophase I of meiosis.
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The longest phase of meiosis is:
Reasoning: Prophase I is the longest phase because pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over occur during this stage.
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What causes the number of chromosomes to reduce to half when a cell divides by meiosis?
Reasoning: Homologous chromosomes separate in Meiosis I, reducing the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).
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Four cell diagrams are labelled A–D. Diagram B shows homologous chromosome pairs (tetrads) aligned side-by-side at the equator. Which diagram represents metaphase I?
Reasoning: The cell shows homologous chromosome pairs (tetrads) aligned side-by-side along the metaphase plate, which is a defining characteristic of Metaphase I. In contrast, cell A represents mitotic metaphase with single chromosomes aligned in a line, while cells C and D show Metaphase II.
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Four stages of crossing over are labelled A–D. In stage B, non-sister chromatids overlap at a visible X-shaped contact point. Which stage contains a chiasma?
Reasoning: The diagram shows the physical overlapping and intersection point between the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This specific X-shaped connection point is called a chiasma, where the exchange of genetic material actually takes place before separation.
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A Venn diagram compares gamete formation, crossing over, and regeneration. Region B is the overlap of gamete formation and crossing over but excludes regeneration. Which region represents processes involving meiosis?
Reasoning: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that is directly responsible for gamete formation (production of sperm and egg cells) and includes crossing over to create genetic diversity. It does not involve regeneration (which relies on mitosis), making the intersection of gamete formation and crossing over the correct region.
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A replication diagram shows two single-chromatid chromosomes before replication and the same two duplicated chromosomes afterward. Chromosome number is counted by centromeres. What is the total number of chromosomes shown across both sides of the diagram?
Reasoning: The diagram depicts a total of 4 chromosomes because chromosome count is determined strictly by counting the number of functional centromeres present. On the left side, there are 2 separate single-chromatid chromosomes, and on the right side, after replication, there are 2 duplicated chromosomes consisting of sister chromatids.
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Chromosomal number of Fruit fly is 8. The gametes of fruit fly contain:
Reasoning: Gametes are haploid (n) and contain half the chromosome number of body cells. If the fruit fly has 2n = 8, then its gametes have n = 4 chromosomes.
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