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Biology Chapter 5 : Topic 2
Mitosis and Meiosis
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What is the primary purpose of mitosis?
Reasoning: Mitosis produces genetically identical cells used for growth and tissue repair.
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What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
Reasoning: Meiosis produces haploid gametes required for sexual reproduction.
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Which type of cell division results in daughter cells identical to the parent cell?
Reasoning: Mitosis maintains chromosome number and genetic similarity.
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A diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, each daughter cell will contain:
Reasoning: Mitosis preserves chromosome number.
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During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes first become clearly visible?
Reasoning: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes during prophase.
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Which event occurs during metaphase of mitosis?
Reasoning: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equatorial plane.
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During anaphase of mitosis:
Reasoning: Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles.
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Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the reappearance of the nuclear membrane?
Reasoning: New nuclei form around chromosome sets during telophase.
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What is cytokinesis?
Reasoning: Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm, producing separate daughter cells.
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Which sequence correctly represents mitosis stages?
Reasoning: This is the correct order of mitotic stages.
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If a cell undergoes mitosis twice, how many cells are produced from one original cell?
Reasoning: One cell → 2 cells → 4 cells.
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Which process reduces chromosome number by half?
Reasoning: Meiosis converts diploid cells into haploid cells.
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How many daughter cells are produced after one complete meiotic division?
Reasoning: Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells.
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Which statement correctly describes daughter cells formed by meiosis?
Reasoning: Meiosis creates variation and halves chromosome number.
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Meiosis consists of:
Reasoning: Meiosis I and Meiosis II occur consecutively.
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A diagram shows an anaphase cell in which eight separated chromatids are moving toward opposite poles. Because each separated chromatid now counts as a chromosome, how many chromosomes and chromatids are present?
Reasoning: The cell is in anaphase, where sister chromatids have separated. Each chromatid is now an individual chromosome, making 8 chromosomes and 8 chromatids in total.
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A mitotic cell shows chromosomes at opposite poles, spindle fibres disappearing, nuclear envelopes beginning to reform, and the cell starting to divide. Which stage is shown?
Reasoning: The chromosomes have reached opposite poles, the spindle is disappearing, and the cell is beginning to divide.
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Four meiosis diagrams are labelled A–D. Diagram C shows one haploid cell with chromosomes condensing, the nuclear envelope breaking down, and centrioles moving apart to form a spindle. Which diagram represents prophase II?
Reasoning: In diagram C, you can see a single cell where the nuclear envelope is breaking down, centrioles are moving apart to form the spindle apparatus, and the chromosomes are condensing.
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A meiosis diagram shows sister chromatids separating and moving toward opposite poles within one of the two haploid cells. Which phase is illustrated?
Reasoning: Sister chromatids have separated and are moving to opposite poles, which is characteristic of anaphase II.
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