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Chemistry Chapter 4 : Topic 10
Group I Properties
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Sodium (Na) reacts vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas and forming an alkaline solution. Based on periodic trends, what can be predicted about potassium (K) in the same group?
Reasoning: Reactivity increases down Group I due to increased atomic size and decreased ionization energy, so potassium reacts more vigorously than sodium.
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Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) are all soft metals that can be cut with a knife. What can be predicted about rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs)?
Reasoning: Softness increases down Group I because metallic bonding becomes weaker due to larger atomic size.
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All Group I elements have one valence electron. What is the most likely oxidation state of francium (Fr)?
Reasoning: Group I elements lose one electron to form + 1 ions; this trend applies to all alkali metals.
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If sodium forms NaCl with chlorine, what is the predicted formula of rubidium chloride?
Reasoning: Group I metals form +1 ions, so they combine with Cl⁻ in 1 :1 ratio.
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Potassium floats and reacts on water surface. What prediction is correct for cesium?
Reasoning: Reactivity increases down Group I ; cesium reacts extremely violently with water.
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Which trend correctly predicts boiling points in Group I from lithium to cesium?
Reasoning: Metallic bonding weakens down the group, lowering boiling points.
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Lithium reacts slowly with oxygen. What is the expected behavior of potassium in oxygen?
Reasoning: Reactivity increases down Group I, so potassium reacts faster with oxygen forming oxides / peroxides.
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Group I elements are stored under oil. What prediction explains why rubidium must be stored this way?
Reasoning: Alkali metals are highly reactive, especially heavier ones like rubidium.
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Sodium forms a strongly alkaline solution in water. What is expected for cesium hydroxide?
Reasoning: Basicity of hydroxides increases down Group I.
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Which prediction about ionization energy in Group I is correct?
Reasoning: Larger atoms have weaker attraction between nucleus and valence electron, lowering ionization energy.
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If lithium burns with a red flame, what can be predicted about potassium flame color?
Reasoning: Each alkali metal produces a characteristic flame; potassium gives a lilac / violet flame.
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A student observes sodium forms Na₂O in limited oxygen. What is expected for potassium in similar conditions?
Reasoning: Heavier alkali metals tend to form peroxides and superoxides instead of simple oxides.
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Which statement best predicts the density trend in Group I metals?
Reasoning: Density shows irregular trend due to structural differences, though generally increases from Li to Cs with anomalies.
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If sodium is less reactive than potassium, what does this suggest about francium?
Reasoning: Francium, being lowest in Group I, is predicted to be most reactive.
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Which prediction correctly describes electron configuration trend in Group I elements?
Reasoning: All Group I elements have one electron in their outermost shell, responsible for similar chemical behavior.
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Lithium reacts slowly with water. What prediction is correct for rubidium?
Reasoning: Reactivity increases down Group I, making rubidium highly reactive with water.
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Which statement best predicts the metallic character in Group I?
Reasoning: Larger atoms lose electrons more easily, increasing metallic character down the group.
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If sodium chloride is soluble in water, what prediction is correct for potassium chloride?
Reasoning: All alkali metal salts are generally soluble in water.
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What is the predicted change in atomic size from lithium to cesium?
Reasoning: Each step down Group I adds a new electron shell, increasing atomic radius.
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Which prediction best explains why alkali metals are not found free in nature?
Reasoning: High reactivity causes them to exist in combined forms, not in free state.
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