A school wants to improve students' academic performance by examining attendance records, quiz marks, assignment scores, and classroom participation. Instead of relying on guesses, it uses computer programs and mathematical techniques to discover useful patterns and make better decisions. Which field is primarily responsible for this process?

A farmer records the daily rainfall, temperature, and humidity for several months. Initially, these values are simply written in a notebook without any calculations or conclusions. At this stage, what are these recorded observations called?

A sports coach studies players' practice records and match statistics to identify weaknesses and improve future performance. The coach carefully examines the collected records to discover trends instead of merely storing them. Which process is mainly being performed?

A weather department collects thousands of temperature readings throughout the year. After creating graphs, it concludes that average temperatures increase steadily during summer. Which term best describes this final conclusion obtained after processing the collected values?

A hospital stores thousands of patients' CT scans, laboratory reports, and medical histories in an organized collection so researchers can study disease patterns. The collection belongs to a single medical research project. What is this organized collection called?

A company stores customer names and account balances in tables while also keeping complaint recordings, product images, and feedback videos. Which of the following represents unstructured data within this collection?

An insurance company studies accident records from the past ten years to estimate the likelihood of accidents occurring next year. Which component of data science helps estimate future possibilities based on previous events?

A data scientist develops a mathematical formula that improves the accuracy of predicting electricity demand during different seasons. Which foundation of data science is mainly responsible for building and optimizing such prediction models?

A computer system is trained using thousands of handwritten digit samples. Without being explicitly programmed for every writing style, it gradually learns to recognize new handwritten numbers with high accuracy. Which technology makes this possible?

A social media company develops software that automatically identifies whether user comments express positive, negative, or neutral opinions. The software first understands human language before determining the emotional tone of each comment. Which technology is mainly responsible for this task?

An online shopping company wants to recommend products that customers are likely to purchase next month. Instead of only explaining previous sales, it builds models using historical purchasing data to forecast future buying behavior. Which concept of data science is primarily being applied?

A technology company develops software that recognizes faces by processing millions of images through multiple layers of artificial neural networks. The software improves its accuracy as more examples become available. Which branch of Artificial Intelligence is being used?

A supermarket examines thousands of previous shopping records and discovers that customers who buy bread frequently purchase butter during the same visit. This hidden relationship was not obvious before analyzing the records. Which data science component performs this task?

A business manager converts a spreadsheet containing thousands of monthly sales records into line graphs and bar charts. This allows senior management to understand business performance quickly without reading every numerical value. Which concept is being used?

A social media platform processes billions of posts, images, videos, and comments every day. Traditional software cannot efficiently manage such an enormous amount of continuously growing information. Which term best describes this type of data?

A company receives hundreds of customer reviews daily. Instead of reading each review manually, software automatically classifies every review as positive, negative, or neutral before preparing a summary report. Which application is being performed?

A business analyst is asked to explain why product sales decreased last month by studying existing sales reports. The analyst does not create prediction models or AI systems but focuses only on understanding the available data. Which field best matches this responsibility?

A research team collects raw data, cleans incorrect records, develops machine learning models, predicts future outcomes, and finally deploys the solution for public use. Which statement best explains why their work belongs to data science rather than only data analytics?

A logistics company analyzes traffic conditions, fuel prices, customer locations, and delivery times before assigning vehicles to different routes. As a result, transportation costs decrease while deliveries become faster. Which business application of data science is demonstrated?

An e-commerce company studies customers' browsing history, previous purchases, and product ratings before suggesting items that match each customer's interests. Which business application of data science is primarily responsible for generating these personalized suggestions?